A Cohort Study

Christina Y. Chia, MD; Whitney Lane, MD; John Chibnall, PhD; Angel Allen, MD; Elaine Siegfried, MD

Arch Dermatol. 2005;141:557-560.

Objective To determine whether patients with moderate to severe acne who were treated with isotretinoin experienced significant increases in depressive symptoms over a 3- to 4-month period compared with patients who received conservative acne therapy.

Design Cohort study.

Setting
 Hospital-affiliated and community-based clinics in St Louis, Mo.

Participants
 One hundred thirty-two subjects aged 12 to 19 years with moderate to severe acne.

Main Outcome Measures 
Depressive symptoms were assessed using the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D), a standardized self-reported instrument. Mean CES-D scores were compared between treatment groups, as were the prevalence and incidence of scores suggestive of clinically significant depression (CES-D score >16).

Results
 A total of 101 subjects completed the study. At follow-up, CES-D scores (adjusted for baseline CES-D score and sex of patient) suggestive of clinically significant depression were no more prevalent in the isotretinoin group than in the conservative therapy group. Similarly, the incidence (new onset) of depressive symptoms suggestive of clinical significance also was not significantly different between the treatment groups.

Conclusions
 The use of isotretinoin in the treatment of moderate-severe acne in adolescents did not increase symptoms of depression. On the contrary, treatment of acne either with conservative therapy or with isotretinoin was associated with a decrease in depressive symptoms.

Author Affiliations:
Departments of Dermatology (Drs Chia, Allen, and Siegfried) and Psychiatry (Dr Chibnall), Saint Louis University Health Sciences Center, and Kids Dermatology (Dr Siegfried), St Louis, Mo; and Department of Dermatology, University of Missouri Hospital and Clinics, Columbia, Mo (Dr Lane).